BlackBook

Report structure

Blackbook structure for every stream

Every final project report (blackbook) has front matter, a set of chapters and back matter such as a bibliography and appendices. The front matter is the same everywhere; the chapters depend on your stream. Below are the common structures for engineering and IT, commerce and management research, law, architecture and design, and school projects. Your department's own guidelines always take priority.

Looking for your course? See the blackbook guide for BSc IT, BMS, BCA, BCom, MBA and more.

Front matter (every stream)

  1. Cover page
  2. Certificate
  3. Declaration
  4. Acknowledgement
  5. Abstract
  6. Table of contents
  7. List of figures and tables

Sample wording: how to write the acknowledgement. Page setup, fonts and numbering: blackbook format guide.

Engineering, Computer Science & IT

For BE, BTech, BSc IT, BSc CS, BCA, MCA, Diploma, polytechnic.

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction

    Background, objectives, purpose, scope and applicability, achievements and how the report is organised.

  2. Chapter 2: Survey of Technologies

    Each technology or tool you used: what it is, why you chose it and the alternatives.

  3. Chapter 3: Requirements and Analysis

    Problem definition, functional and non-functional requirements, Gantt chart, hardware and software requirements, use case diagram.

  4. Chapter 4: System Design

    Modules, database schema and ER diagram, class, activity and sequence diagrams, algorithms, UI design and security.

  5. Chapter 5: Implementation and Testing

    Implementation approach, key code, unit, integration and user testing, and a test case table.

  6. Chapter 6: Results and Discussion

    Test reports and results, and a step-by-step user guide.

  7. Chapter 7: Conclusion

    Conclusion and significance, limitations and future scope.

Commerce, Management, Arts & Science research

For BCom, BMS, BBA, BAF, BBI, BMM, MCom, MBA, BA, MA, BSc, MSc, pharmacy.

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction

    Background, definitions, statement of the problem, objectives, hypotheses, scope, limitations and the scheme of the report.

  2. Chapter 2: Literature Review

    The theory behind the topic, what earlier studies found, the frameworks used to analyse it and the research gap.

  3. Chapter 3: Research Methodology

    Research design, sampling, data sources, instruments, analytical tools, ethics and the fieldwork schedule.

  4. Chapter 4: Field Study, Profile and Analysis

    The organisation or sector studied: its profile, what was observed, the interview and a SWOT analysis.

  5. Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Interpretation

    A table and a chart for each survey question, each with its interpretation, and the testing of the hypotheses.

  6. Chapter 6: Findings and Recommendations

    The findings of the study, practical recommendations and a framework built from them.

  7. Chapter 7: Conclusion and Scope for Future Research

    The conclusion, what it means in practice, the scope for further research and what the student learned.

  8. Chapter 8: Bibliography and Annexures

    The bibliography in your college style, the questionnaire used for the survey and the interview schedule.

Law dissertation & research

For LLB, BA LLB, BBA LLB, LLM.

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction

    Background, problem statement, research questions, objectives, hypothesis, methodology, scope and chapter plan.

  2. Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework

    The core legal concepts, their evolution and the theories behind them.

  3. Chapter 3: Legal and Regulatory Framework

    Constitutional provisions, statutes, rules and regulators that govern the topic in India.

  4. Chapter 4: Judicial Approach

    How courts have approached the issue and the principles that emerged from landmark judgments.

  5. Chapter 5: Comparative Analysis

    How other jurisdictions handle the issue, compared with India.

  6. Chapter 6: Conclusion and Suggestions

    Findings, testing of the hypothesis, suggestions, conclusion and bibliography.

Architecture & Design thesis

For BArch, BDes, interior design, planning, fashion design.

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction

    Background, need for the project, aim, objectives, scope and methodology.

  2. Chapter 2: Literature Study

    Design principles, standards, codes and area norms for the building type.

  3. Chapter 3: Case Studies

    Two or three case studies with a comparative analysis and inferences.

  4. Chapter 4: Site Analysis

    Location, climate, topography, access, surroundings, bye-laws and SWOT analysis.

  5. Chapter 5: Design Program and Concept

    Area programme, zoning and adjacencies, concept and design strategies.

  6. Chapter 6: Design Development and Conclusion

    Design evolution, structure and services, sustainability, materials, drawings and conclusion.

School project (Class 10 / 12)

For Class 9-12 science, commerce and humanities projects, CBSE, ICSE, state boards.

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction

    Introduction to the topic, why you chose it and the key terms.

  2. Chapter 2: Aim and Objectives

    Aim, objectives and hypothesis or research questions.

  3. Chapter 3: Theory

    The concepts, principles or background needed to understand the project.

  4. Chapter 4: Materials and Method

    Materials or sources, step-by-step procedure and precautions.

  5. Chapter 5: Observations and Results

    Observation tables, calculations and the result.

  6. Chapter 6: Conclusion

    Conclusion, what you learned, real-life applications and bibliography.

School computer project with coding (Class 10 / 12)

For Class 11-12 Computer Science, Informatics Practices and IT projects in Python, MySQL, C++, Java or HTML.

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction

    What the project does, why you chose it and who it is for.

  2. Chapter 2: System Requirements

    The hardware and software needed to run the program, and the language and tools used.

  3. Chapter 3: Design of the Project

    The modules, a flowchart of how the program works and the tables or files it uses.

  4. Chapter 4: Source Code

    The complete program, module by module, with comments.

  5. Chapter 5: Output

    The screens the program shows, each with a place for your screenshot and a line saying what it shows.

  6. Chapter 6: Conclusion

    Conclusion, limitations, what could be added and the bibliography.

More detail for technical projects: what goes in each chapter and which UML diagrams you need.

Questions

Is there one official blackbook template?

No. Each university, board and often each department issues its own guidelines, and the structure differs by stream. The structures here are the common patterns; always follow your department circular where it differs.

Is the blackbook only for computer science and IT students?

No. Engineering, commerce, management, law, science, arts and architecture students all submit a final project report, and so do Class 10 and 12 students. The chapters change by stream, which is why each has its own structure.

Can I get this structure written for my project?

Yes. The BlackBook AI Blackbook Maker asks for your stream and writes your report in that structure from your project details, with cover page and front matter, which you edit and export as PDF or Word.